Medications for ADHD are available in two different categories: stimulants and non-stimulants. These medications work by increasing the amount of neurotransmitters that are released into the brain. However, the risks and side effects of these medications can differ, making it important to discuss all of the options with your doctor before deciding on a treatment.
Stimulants affect the chemicals in your brain that are responsible for focusing, concentration, and drive. Several medications are classified as stimulants, including Ritalin, Concerta, and Adderall. These medicines are considered controlled substances by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). They are also associated with serious side effects, so it is important to talk to your doctor before taking them. They are also not safe for people who have heart problems.
Non-stimulant medications are used to treat the same symptoms as stimulants, but they do not have the same risks. Some of these medications are approved by the FDA for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as clonidine XR, atomoxetine, and guanfacine. They are sometimes used as off-label treatments for ADHD, and may be prescribed to patients who are experiencing side effects from stimulants. They do not have the same abuse potential as drugs such as Ritalin, which are known for its potential for misuse.
Non-stimulants also carry their own risks. For example, they can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a condition that can be life-threatening. These medications can also cause dizziness, drowsiness, and headache. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to call 911 immediately.
In addition, these drugs can worsen preexisting conditions, such as heart disease or high blood pressure. They can also cause a number of serious side effects, including heart attack, stroke, and sudden death. Depending on the medication, these effects can range from mild to severe.
Some of the common side effects of stimulant drugs include increased blood pressure, weight loss, and dry mouth. In addition, the use of stimulants can delay the growth of children, and increase the aggressiveness of children. It is also important to monitor the medications for their side effects, and make sure that you are not using them at the same time as other medications.
The side effects of these medications vary from one drug to another, and the most severe of them require immediate medical attention. For instance, if you experience a loss of consciousness, severe dizziness, or a life-threatening headache while taking a stimulant, it is imperative to get to the emergency room right away. In the case of a suicidal ideation, it is important to call the police or your doctor immediately.
Some antidepressants are also often prescribed for patients with ADHD, although they can have side effects that are not associated with stimulants. Some of these drugs, such as bupropion, can improve the patient’s attention while reducing the patient’s impulsiveness. They are also effective at reducing aggression. Other non-stimulant medications that are used in ADHD treatment include clonidine, atomoxetine, and long-acting guanfacine.
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